All of them - the characters of commedia del arte. Was the name of a special kind of street theater, which began in Italy in the 16 century. The plot of this play was is plain (As a rule, it was present adultery, and the lovers were in many ways led by the nose of those who interfered with their happiness), and gave many opportunities for improvisation.
Usually actors performed in masks, with the exceptions of only Sweethearts (Innamorati) and the majority of female characters. Participants in the history of were always the same character types, each of which has been prescribed a certain kind of behavior and a role in the development of the plot. For example, Harlequin ought show on stage choleric mobility - somersaults, walking wheel and fabricate other tricks along the way dealing with the other heroes. And he certainly dressed was ... well, let's order.
So, Dzan (Zanni) Common name comic servant. The name comes from a man named Giovanni (Giovanni), which was so popular among ordinary people that became a household word to denote a servant. By the estate are such zany characters as
Harlequin Brighella, Pierini, appeared later. Characteristic features of an unnamed zany - a voracious appetite and ignorance. It lives exclusively today day and not think about complex matters. Usually devoted to his owner, but does not like discipline. The performance was attended by at least two such characters, one of which was blunt and the other, in contrast, differed fox wit and dexterity. They were dressed simply - in a shapeless light blouse and pants, usually stitched from bags of flour. The mask was originally obscured his face, so to communicate with other characters accounted for zany comedy to lift the bottom part (that was awkward). Subsequently simplified mask, and she only cover the forehead, nose and cheeks. A characteristic feature of the mask is a zany elongated nose, and its length is directly proportional nonsense character.
HARLEQUIN (Arlecchino) - zany rich old man Pantalone. Harlequin's costume is different brightness and variegated: it is composed of diamonds red, black, blue and green colors. This figure represents the extreme poverty of Harlequin - his clothes as if composed of innumerable poorly matched patches.
This character can neither read nor write, but by birth he is - a peasant who left the impoverished countryside of Bergamo, to go to work in a thriving Venice. By the nature of Harlequin - acrobat and clown, so his clothes should not hamper the movements. With a mischievous carries a stick, which often batter the other characters. Despite the propensity for fraud, Harlequin can not be considered a villain - just a man must somehow live. He's not particularly clever, and very hungry (the love of food is sometimes stronger than the passion for Columbine, and prevents the execution of amorous folly Pantaloon plans). The mask of Harlequin was black with ominous features (according to one version the word "Harlequin" is the name of one of the demons Dante's Inferno »- Alichino). On his head wore a white felt hat, sometimes with a fox or rabbit fur.
Other names: Bagattino, Trufaldino, Tabarrino, Tortellini, Gradelino, Polpettino, Nespolino, Bertoldino and so on.
Columbine (Colombina) - Maid in Love (Innamorata). She helps her mistress in the heart affairs, deftly manipulating the other characters, which are often indifferent to it. Columbine different coquetry, female insight, charm and of questionable virtue. Equip it, like his unfailing boyfriend Harlequin, in a stylized color patches, as befits a poor girl from the province. Columbine head adorns the white hat, the color of the apron. Masks her no, but strongly dyed face, especially bright summed up his eyes.
Other Names: Harlequin, Corallina, Richcholina, Camilla, Lisetta.
PEDROLINO or Pierini (Pedrolino, Pierino) - one of the characters-men. Pedrolino dressed in loose white tunic with large buttons and long sleeves too, on the neck - a round ribbed collar, on his head - a hat-cap with a narrow circular crown. Sometimes clothes were big pockets stuffed with souvenirs romantic nature. His face was always very fair copy and painted, so there is no need to wear a mask. Despite the fact that pedrolino belongs to a tribe of zany, its nature is radically different from the character of Harlequin or Brighella.
He is sentimental, amorous (but suffers mainly on soubrette), trusting and devoted to his master. The poor fellow is usually suffers from unrequited love for Columbine and ridicule from the rest Comedians who have mental organization are not so subtle.
Pierini role in the troupe often performed youngest son, because the hero was obliged to look young and fresh.
Brighella (Brighella) - one more zany, a partner at Harlequin. In some cases, Brighella - a self-made man, who started out without a penny, but gradually accumulated some money and secured a relatively comfortable existence. Often pictured as the owner of the tavern. Brighella - a big fan of money and ladies' man. These two emotions - the primitive lust and greed - it froze on the green half-mask. In some productions, he appears as a servant, more violent in nature than his younger brother, Harlequin. Brighella knows how to please his master, but at the same time, it can inflate its not in vain for themselves. He is cunning, pronyrliv and may, under certain circumstances, be anyone - a soldier, sailor and even a thief.
his costume - a white jacket and trousers of the same color cross-adorned with green stripes. Often brings in his guitar, as is prone to playing.
Pulcinella (Pulcinella) - Italian analogue Russian Petrushka, English Mr Punch and the French Punchinello. A typical representative of the Neapolitan proletariat with all its characteristic features. Interestingly, the Pulcinella - the image of an ambiguous, it could be in play and jerk, and crafty, and servant and master, and a coward and a bully. Name this character translated from Italian as "chicken" and apparently connected to his mask, the most notable element of which - the big klyuvoobrazny nose. Pulcinella Suit consists of a long baggy white blouse, tapered at the waist leather strap, spacious, shapeless pants and unusual elongated caps. Often it portrayed as a hunchback. Initially, the hump was barely noticeable, and then he began to grow rapidly in size, while simultaneously growing and stomach. Bent Pulcinella symbolizes his fear of the beatings (and in the comedy hit him all those who stood higher on the social ladder, then there are very many).
LOVERS (Innamorati) - Immutable characters commedia del arte, gentlemen Columbine, Harlequin and other zany. Lovers appear detached from life, bombastic characters. If they move, something in ballet, displaying an unnatural socks. Gesticulate a lot and often look in the mirror. The main features of the Beloved - the vanity, a painful account to his looks, nervousness, immersed in his feelings and the total impracticality, which actively use the zany. Even their names sound bombastic (men are usually called Silvio, Fabrizio, Aurelio, Orazio, Ottavio, Lelio, Leandro and Florindo, and women - Isabella, Flaminia, Vittoria, Sylvia, Lavinia or Ortenziya).
Innamorati always wore the latest fashions, exaggerated carefully and smartly. Masks replaced the thick layer of make-up, whereby the role Isabella and Lelio were not available to young actors. In addition, the indispensable accessory of the toilet were wigs, flies and all sorts of jewelry. Young men are often dressed in beautiful uniforms. In the course of action suits Valentine could change several times.
Knickers (Pantalone) - one of the most famous Venetian masks. Pantalone - a very old rich merchant, who always drags for any female character (always - to no avail). This image embodied gaining strength class of the Venetian bourgeoisie. A characteristic feature of the costume Pantalone is huge codpiece, symbolizing its imaginary male power. Usually, the old man was dressed in a dark-red jacket and tight trousers of the same color, black cloak with short sleeves and a small black cap, like the fez. On his belt hung a dagger or purse and shoes were yellow Turkish slippers with sharp curved beaks. Dark brown mask was prominent hooked nose, bushy gray eyebrows and whiskers are the same (sometimes more, and goggles). Beard Pantalone stuck up, sometimes nearly touching the tip of the nose, which gave old profile special comic. Often the plot of Pantaloon wanted to marry the girl, which was in love with his son, and flirted with Colombino, maid his daughter Isabella.
CAPTAIN (Il Capitano) - one of the oldest characters in the commedia dell'arte. Type brazen and unprincipled warriors - braggart and adventurer. Captain in the comedy is never a native of the city, where the action is, and always comes from somewhere far away. Depending on the political situation, it could be like a Spaniard or a Turk, although initially this way - Italian. Accordingly, changed its character - in different periods of Captain could be a parody of various national traits. Its main features - it's rampant lies about his imaginary exploits, aggressiveness, desire for enrichment, lack of conscience and the desire to appear and dandy Beau Brummel. All this is reflected in his costume, which could be different (as a rule, Captain was dressed in the appropriate era uniforms), but always had a ridiculous pretentiousness and brightness. His clothes, in fact, has always been a parody of the profession Military: hat decorated with feathers of loud colors, his legs were buried in high boots (often - from different pairs) with large garter, coat was sewn from fabric contrasting diagonal stripes, and a belt hung a huge sword. Captain mask could be solid or dark color, with a long martial nose and protruding menacingly stiff whiskers. Its purpose was to identify the contrast between true (the cowardly and deceitful) kind of character and those for whom he claims to be.
DOCTOR (Il Dottore) - an elderly character, similar in nature to Pantalone, usually the father of one of the Lovers (Inamorati). Outwardly, Dr. differs obesity (sometimes this hero is really huge), slowness on the scene and important scholar-mannered person. It is a parody of the graduates of the University of Bologna, therefore constantly utters meaningful looks, but actually absurd Latin phrases (in fact, of course, the Doctor is no university did not finish). Has a tendency to overeating and pornographic jokes, usually offensive to women. He is the same skared as Pantalone, however, unlike him - not rich. Costume Doctor - a black university gown to toe black shoes, stockings and breeches and a black trencher. Dark mask with a lumpy gray eyebrows hid, as a rule, only the forehead and nose. Cheeks actor remained open - their bright rosy, to show the love of the character to alcohol.
In the story, Doctor often acted friend (or rival), Pantalone and the owner Pedrolino.
CLOWN (Jester, Jolly) - classic comedy mask dell'arte. Jester first appeared in the Italian theater, then became popular throughout Europe. Suit of this character is different variegated and multicolored. On the head - cap with three "ears", each of which are tied bells.
SKARAMUCHCHO (Scaramuccia) puckish adventurer and warrior. In the late comedies are often the same with the image of Captain. Skaramuchcho usually serves as one of the older characters. Dressed in all black and wears a black velvet mask.
Source: http://bestfriends.nnm.ru/komediya_masok Wikipedia: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_dell 'arte 
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